I Love School Essay Example for Free

I Love School EssayDoors and windows -It is suggested to use wooden door and window frames instead of concrete or steel. systema skeletale Timber framing -naturally sound insulated -strong structure -construction times are less Recycled steel framing -Its easy to use when contractors are building your reside -less framing material compared to wood but will still be the same structure if you used wood. -Walls, roof and ceilings will not change referable to the weather changes -they do not rot, absorb moisture or create mould -resistant against termites Roofing Cool roofing - at once the product is painted onto your roof the solarize is reflected away. it can be painted on wood, concrete, plaster, metal and glass. -when its white it is preferred that you wear white instead of black, cool roofing is where it reflects the sun and stay cooler because its a white colour -cost more than normal roofing but once it starts to work it lowers your bill. -having the roof that you pro bably have on your house now can reach temperatures of over 70 degrees storing more heat into your house, cool roofings temperature only goes to 20-35 degrees at most without insulant leaving your house cooler and saving you from paying heavy cooling bills. Authentic roof made from recycled materials -been said that its virtually unbreakable -they are extremely light weight -has UV protection which stops it from fading - removes no toxin materialsRoof tiles -colour will not fade, rust or corrode -are a natural thermal insulator. In winter they keep the snappy air out and the heat in. In spend they keep the heat out and frigid in -natural sound insulator -they are heat resistance therefore they provide protection against bush fires -made with naturally occurring clay which can be recycled into sweet clay tiles and bricks Insulation Spray foam insulation -75% noise reduction reduces mould and condensation growth -saves on electricity bills Structural insulation control boards -5 0% more energy efficient -40% less construction time -the core of the panels is made of Expanded Polystyrene which is made from using a low-environmental process which means it does not contain any major carbons. The Oriented Strand Board which is an engineered wood product is made from harvesting a fast growing crop forest which makes the materials renewable and sustainable. -fire resistant -can be used for floors, foundations and basements -bricks and stone can be installed on the panels SIPs are also used as walls although you can regurgitate stone, or brick over the top of it.There is no need for painting as SIPs come in a range of colour. recycled jean -made from old jeans that have been cleaned, stripped and covered in boric acid which is mould, fire and insect resistant -doesnt contain any throat or skin irritations -creates a great sound barrier -its 100% recyclable -requires small amount of energy to manufacture -doesnt itch and easy to carry on -when the insulation ge ts wet its manufactured to breathe and release the moisture. Also contains active mould inhibitors recycled paper 100% recyclable -takes 10 times less energy to produce than half of the other insulation -non-corrosive -doesnt support mould or fungus growth -it reduces overheating and overcooling also good for sound insulation thawing/cooling Solar smart breeze -collects solar energy from under a tile or timber roof and cools the house in summer and heats it in winter Spilt system -energy efficient when compared to portable and window air conditioners Hydronic heating -uses radiant warmth. Evaporative cooling -uses natural air Smartbreeze -reduces 40% glasshouse gases -saves energy and electricity bills can also work at night providing nocturnal cooling how it works with a metal roof heating.During winter and cold days there can be a build-up of warm heated air between the roof, sheets and foils. The air is dragged to the smartbreeze unit and the fan energised by the solar panel th ats placed on your roof force the warm air through ceiling vents and into your living spaces creating a warmer environment. Cooling during the day during hot weather hot air builds up into your roof. The solar energised fans force the now cold air into your living space which then reduces the temperature. Roof ventilation Avoiding a build up of moisture in winter and to reduce an excessive heat build up in the summer -Some benefits are lowing energy bills, greater comfort in home, ensure the health of your family -Removes dust which enters through tiny gaps of the house structure increasing your health. Gardening fake disclose Regal grass -100% recycled -Contains no harmful toxins or heavy metals -no infill equivalent sand is needed for the insulation -not spiky like real grass, soft to touch and walk on -doesnt need to be mowed, therefore low maintenance is needed. There is no need to sweep away the excess grass thats left-hand(a) over.Termiturf -no watering, mowing or fertiliz ing -its low maintenance -doesnt lose colour or fade real grass -Needs to be watered at least once a week -Needs to be mowed, the petrol from the lawn mower pollutes the air -Needs to be fertilized, using fertilizer is bad because the chemics that are in it get washed into either, rivers, oceans and lakes. That causes algae to grow and creatures that live in the water or drink the water. grey water -grey water is collected from you shower, bath or washing machine, it is then deviate into a pump called the waste water system, once the water flows hrough the pump it is then diverted into your garden. -it can save up to 350-700L per day -less energy and chemical use -lower water bills Drip irrigation -weed growth is reduces because between plants the areas arent irrigated -constant moisture which improves growth in plants -you dont need to move them around like a sprinkler, they can stay there permenately -decreased fertilizer cost -60% more efficiency over sprinkler systems Floorin g Cork flooring -made from trees. The trees are not press clipping down, they are made from the bark which grows back every 3 years -cork flooring contains a low or no VOC (volatile organic compound).

Marketing Mix Analysis of iPad Essay Example for Free

merchandising Mix Analysis of iPad EssayExecutive SummaryManaging and developing marting mix appropriately is extremely important to firms marketing and success. In order to marketing crossroad successfully, the depend competent proceeds must be exhibited to right people at the right place, right price and right period. If a firm open fire manage the marketing mix successfully, as a result, it can be a fount of competitive advantage for firms. Each element of the marketing mix should be analyzed and if necessary, adapted to ensure that the right balance is achieved to give the product or return the very best chance of success in the market place. orchard apple tree is a successful connection and its previous product iPod has a noble market share in the global market due to its brand perception and image as s high quality innovative brand. In 2010, apple launched an innovative product iPad in US, which is a tablet computer with touch screen. Even in the first launching date iPad had been sold 0.3 adept million million units. The product no doubt is getting support of apples brand image and it has changed the way to consumer lifestyle. That is why iPad is thought as a revolutionary who result arouse a wave to electronic pains.Apples iPad delivered the value to the node via marketing mix tools called the 4Ps* Product looks good and whole caboodle well.* set price.* Right place at the right time.* Successful promotion helps to a larger output.Apple followed this by innovation and introducing new products in the market to converge consumers of necessity and wants. The current author here will use the theories, notions of marketing mix to analysis the iPad.The remainder of this essay is structured into five parts. It begins by defining marketing mix and its evolution. Second, it analyse the company, iPad, its competitor and consumer. Third, it illuminates the marketing mix by analysing iPad. Finally it ends with the overall assessment and c onclusion.Contents1.Introduction and Definition31.1Definition of merchandising31.2Definition of Customer treasure and Value Proposition31.3Definition of Marketing Mix42.Description of Apple iPad42.1Brief Introduction of Apple42.2Introduction of iPad52.3Brief Consumer Profile62.4Brief Competitor Profile73.Marketing Mix Analysis of iPad73.1Product73.2 scathe103.3Place123.4Promotion144.Assessment of Overall Value Delivered165.Conclusion166.References181. Introduction and Definition2.1 Definition of MarketingMarketing is the process by which individuals and groups obtain what they call for and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others and forging relationships with customers. (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, 2009). This definition recognizes the importance of creating a long term relationship with customers and identifies the importance of satisfying customer wants.2.2 Definition of Customer Value and Value Proposition Customer value is the difference betwe en the values that the customer gains from owning and using a product and the cost of obtaining the product. Put it simply, customer value is created when the perceptions of benefits received from a transaction exceed the costs of ownership. The same psyche can be expressed as a ratio (Chiristopher, 1996) Customer value = Perceptions of benefitsThe definition of customer value proposition is a well defined and persuasive marketing statement related to a specific product or service that details the reasons why a consumer would benefit from purchasing it. A value proposition is the definition of a firms yell to create and deliver customer value (Chapelet and Tovstiga, 1998). name 1.2.1 A determine of value creation and the marketing process source Adapted from Kotler Brown Burton Deans Armstrong, (2010), Marketing 8th Edition physiqueure 1.2.1 shows a typical model of value creation and the marketing process. Put it simple, marketing is a process cycle which consists of 5 simple s teps as below i. Customer buys or potential customer is contacted to understand the marketplace. ii. Finding out how the customer liked the product or what is needed. iii. Analysing these data and creating a plan that includes goals, strategy and its marketing mix. iv. Implement the plan that delivers value to customer which results in the customers buying the product and creating customer delight. v. Repeating the cycle jump with step (i) to step (iv) to make a better product sold with a better plan and continuously safekeeping this cycle going. Hence, create profits and customer equity.2.3 Definition of Marketing MixThe concept of the Marketing Mix was first created by Neil H. Borden in his article called The concept of the Marketing Mix in 1964. In his article he explained the importance of a market to try to mix ingredients in their process in the market in order to be successful.E. Jerome McCarthy later grouped these ingredients into the four categories that are known as the 4 Ps of marketing (Product, Price, Place and Promotion).Product What does the customer want from the product/service? Price What is the value of the product or service to the buyer? Place Where do buyers look for the product or service?Promotion Where and when can get across the marketing messages to targetmarket? 2. Description of Apple iPad3.4 Brief Introduction of AppleApple Inc., founded in 1976, is an American multinational connection which is best-known for its hardware and software products. The hardware products are Macintosh, iPod, iPhone and iPad. One example of the famous software of Apple is iTunes, a proprietary media player application that works with iTunes introduce and allows customers to download music and offers other features of consumer electronics.Fortune magazine named Apple as the to the highest degree admired company in the US in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2012.3.5 Introduction of iPadOn January 27, 2010, Apple introduced the much-anticipated media tablet, the iPad (As shown in design2.2.1).Fig 2.2.1 Introduction of iPad (source www.apple.com)The iPad measure 9.7 inch wide screen display with multi touch screen with 1024 x 768 resolutions which is lighter and thinner than any other notebooks or laptops. Its internal 25 watt-hour battery can run up to 10 hours of video, 140 hours of audio playback and one month on standby as Apple claims. Steve Jobs stated that, with the introduction of the iPad, Apple had opened a market for a new class of wandering devices. (As shown in Fig 2.2.2)Fig2.2.2 Apple iPad First Hands-on (source http//www.ipadforums.net)3.6 Brief Consumer ProfileConsumer market can be defined as all the individuals and households who buy or acquire goods and amour for personal consumption and consumer buying behavior can be defined as the buying behavior of final consumers, individuals and households who buy goods and services for personal consumption (Kotler, 2009). Table 2.3.1 shows the analysis of market segmentation for iPad.SEGMENTATION BASE SELECTEDSEGMENTATION VARIABLESGeographic SegmentationRegion West Malaysia, east MalaysiaCity sizing Major metropolitan areas, citiesDensity of area UrbanClimate Hot, humid, rainyDemographic SegmentationAge 18-34, 35-49, 50-64Sex Male, femaleMarried status Single, married, divorced, backing together Income RM40,000 and overEducation College, college graduate, postgraduateOccupation Professional, white-collarPsychologicalNeeds Sense of self-worth, fashionablePersonality Extroverts, novelty-seeker, aggressivesPerception Low-riskLearning-involvement High-involvementAttitudes Possitive attitudePsychographicLifestyle Couch-potatoes, outdoorsy enthusiasts, status-seekers Cultures Malay, Chinese, Indian, and other foreignersReligion Muslim, buddhism, hinduism, christian, catholic, and others Social Middle, upperFamily Bachelors, young married, full nesters, empty nesters Use-Rated SegmentationUsage rate Heavy users, medium usersAwareness status Awa re, interested, gung hoBrand loyalty StrongUse-Situation SegmentationTime Leisure, work, morning, nightObjective Personal, fun, achievementLocation Home, work, mega mall, restaurantPerson Self, family members, friends, peersBenefit Segmentation Convenience, social acceptance, unclouded e-book reading, value-for-the-money, service Table 2.3.1 Market segmentation for iPadFrom analysis above can see that most of Apples users are high-end clients who have the strong purchasing power, easily accept new technology and they are very loyal to Apple.3.7 Brief Competitor ProfileApple iPad bring threats and impact to PC industry in nigh way. On one hand, the hot-sell of iPad attracts many another(prenominal) PC manufacturers set foot in this field. So the other tablet computers will be the biggest competitor, such(prenominal) as Blackberrys playbook, this is a tablet computer which located in business person, and it will besides attract publics eyeball because of its vast multimedia fun ction.On the other hand, the price advantage of netbook is also a challenge to iPad. After all compared with traditional computer, iPad may not a necessity. To some business and professional people, they will choose the traditional notebook rather than iPad.3. Marketing Mix Analysis of iPadAccording to the information that searches from magazines and internet, the author knows many information of iPad. The author here will use the theories, concepts of marketing mix to analysis the iPad.4.8 ProductProduct means the goods-and-services combination the company offers to the target market. (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, 2009).The iPad bridge over the gap between smart phone and laptop, it offers equivalent range of features and functions that a computer does. It has internet capabilities running on both Wi-Fi and 3G. Some of the features are discussed previously. Fig 3.1.1 shows its tech specs.Access to Apple Apps Store which has over 300,000 applications and to iTunes are attractive features of iPad.Fig 3.1.1 Tech Specs for Apple iPad (source http//www.apple.com)Value delivered to customer1) Convenient to defend and Easy to UseCompared to functionalities and performance, it is surprised that iPad weighs entirely 1.5 pounds. It is very thin and sleek measuring only 0.5 inches.This lightweight iPad is very useful for business trip, making it slowly to transport as compared to a laptop. Not only it is easier to carry it around, barely also be able to use it to check e-mails, show videos and photos to people at a time whenever required with its long battery life, which at 10 hours is 2-5 times longer than a notebook (As shown in Fig 3.1.2).Fig 3.1.2 E-mail and photo function for iPad (source http//www.cnbeta.com)2) Easy for E-Book ReadingOne benefit that cant miss is the iBooks Application. Customer can download the favorite e-books to iPad and read while traveling (As shown in Fig 3.1.3).Fig 3.1.3 E-books on Apple iPad (source http//www.telegraph.co.uk)Retri eving books to read on ibooks application on iPad is simply easy. Browse through the e-bookshelf on the iPad, choose one statute title wish to read and click, the book opens in front. Customer can view the book in portrait or landscape, and the way the pages turn over is awesome flip it with finger and looks scarce like a real book.3) Excellent Service for CustomerWhats to a greater extent, the service of iPad is very nice. Apple has its own key service iTunes. Customer can get this value to enjoy the all kinds of internet resources such as music, video and applications (As shown in Fig 3.1.4).Fig 3.1.4 iTunes on Apple iPad (source http//www.ipadforums.net guardian.co.uk guardia guardia)The iTunes online store makes it incredibly easy to purchase songs and load them onto the devices. When customer wants to watch or listen, they neither need to search from the CDs nor television channels. What they need to do is just opening the iTunes, all they want is in iTunes, it let the med ia browse much faster, it is easier to sort. 4.9 PricePrice is the amount of money customers have to pay to obtain the product. (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, 2009).The iPad is priced starting from $499 for 16 GB storage to $829 for 64GB storage and 3G connectivity. In detail, tab 3.2.1 shows the price of iPad selling in Malaysia.iPad 16G 32G 64GWi-Fi RM 1, 549.00 RM 1, 849.00 RM 2, 149.00Wi-Fi + 3G RM 1, 999.00 RM 2, 299.00 RM 2, 599.00Tab 3.2.1 Selling price of iPad (source http//www.apple.com guardian.co.uk guardia guardia)Value delivered to customer1) Eco-friendly subterfuge for Environment ProtectionThe iPad is made of recyclable glass and Aluminum and the packaging material is recyclable the packing is efficiently done. It is not using Arsenic, PVC, bromine fire, quicksilver as the company has restricted the use of harmful chemicals.With such price, customers are not buying the fashionable device only, more importantly, they are making component to environment protection . Fig 3.2.1 shows how green is the iPad.Fig3.2.1 How green is the iPad (source http//sortable.com)2) Flexible Price as Actual NeedsThe iPad price varies according to its storage capacity and the internet regain capacity, which leads to reducing the initial cost on the first ever tablets based on customers actually needs and application (As shown in Fig3.2.2).Fig3.2.2 Price and configuration of the iPad (source http//www.apple.com)3) Cost Saving with Maxis Bundled PackageIt is available on Maxis bundled packages with a 24-month contract based on different types of iPad internet plan (As shown in Fig 3.2.3). By doing so, the price of iPad has been dropped down from RM450 to RM950. The plan is much more attractive not only for those who cant afford to pay for the high price, but also for some of the SME to extend their business.Fig 3.2.3 Maxis iPad Bundled Packages (source http//www.maxis.com.my) 4.10 PlacePlace includes company activities that make the product available to target con sumers. (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, 2009).Apple started selling the iPad not only from its official websites, but also retail outlets and Apple Store.Value delivered to customer1) Easy Walk-in Location for PurchaseThe iPad can be purchased from Apple Store, Apple Premium Reseller and Apple Authorized Reseller located in Malaysia.All shops are conveniently located and beautifully designed, identified by the large backlit Apple logo, such as in most famous shopping mall like Sunway Primary, One Utama, KLCC and Mid Valley in Selangor, even in Melaka,Penang, Sabah and Sarawak. The value is so easy for customer to come and have a journey on iPad (As shown in Fig 3.3.1).Fig 3.3.1 Apple shops in MalaysiaIn each shop, customer will be able to find dedicated Apple-trained and Apple-certified Mac experts who can come up with the right solution for you.2) Time-Saving Online OrderApple iPad are also available on internet for the customers on Apples website. Online purchase is the easiest a nd time saving way for most of them (As shown in Fig 3.3.2).Fig3.3.2 Online Apple store for iPad (source http//www.apple.com)On the website, the Apple explains the number of features and benefits of iPad. This adds the value to the consumers as convenience is a value that people appreciate and for which they will pay more than the actual price.3) luxurious Service for Apple LoyaltyWhen customer are on the go, the Apple Store app is the best way to look into, personalize and buy products from Apple and get the most out of customers visits to the Apple Retail Store for Apple loyal fans. Fig 3.3.3 shows what can do with the Apple Store app on the iPhone or iPod touch from search to pay.Fig3.3.3 Apple store apps for iPhone and iPod Touch (source http//www.apple.com)4.11 PromotionPromotion means activities that communicate the merits of the product and persuade target customers to buy it. (Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong, 2009)Apple order had been promoting the iPad with the help of so cial media campaigns and multi-channel media strategy.Value delivered to customer1) Multiple Channel for Better Understanding of iPadThe online promotion by Apple on Facebook, YouTube and other related websites approaches to the consumers added more value to the decision of consumers of buying iPad. Same like in stores all the information is available online for customers. Customers can download brochure from its website for their convenience.When Apple announced the idea of iPad, most fans write blogs and share through internet. Customer will see them and many videos about iPad, some of them are made by Apple and some are made by other people. These blogs and videos are shared by many other people through many ways (As shown in Fig 3.4.1).Fig3.4.1 Video sharing about iPad (source http//www.9to5iPad.com/)2) Custom Engraving of iPadApple had offered free iPad engraving from its online store, allowing customers to add a personal touch to the tablet in time for the holiday seasons (As shown in Fig 3.4.2). Customers are given the option to engrave up to 2 lines of free text on the back of an iPad after selecting an iPad model and any desired accessories from the online store.Fig 3.4.2 Website about iPad engraving (Source http//store.apple.com/)3) Free Delivery for On-line PurchaseWhen purchasing the iPad online from Apples official website, customer will get the value of free delivery. Just wait for 3-4 business days, the product will be arrived on hand safely. 4. Assessment of Overall Value DeliveredApple has always placed a major emphasis on the marketing and the brand awareness of its products. The iPads advantage is that they offer several different features in one product. Converging all the new technology into one product is the route apple is seeking. Its making life easier for their consumers by being able to conduct many applications in the one product.Apples iPad followed all the 4Ps of marketing mix to deliver the high level of value to the customers. T he company has manufactured an iPad using strong in-built applications. The gadget permits people to work and entertain anytime anywhere, as a value of experiencing its easy and convenient use. It provides value to customers through a huge number of features which helps in saving time and energy. Adding more to customer value the price of iPad is competitive and flexible in the market as discussed above. It publicize on T.V., newspapers, magazine, radios and also on internet, which makes people have clearer understanding in various channel. It provides value by available at all the apple stores and website.From the iPads 4Ps analysis, we can easily see the difference of it, and can answer the question why people buy it which seems unnecessary product. Apple iPad satisfy their needs and this delivers the value as a product and service in terms of features, style performance, durability, quality, reliability and design to the customer. 5. ConclusionApple iPad is a new product which h as made a dent in the history of tablet business domain and the first successful product. This has also ignited the demand for new and modify tablets from Apple and other competitors.Apple has used the 4Ps of marketing in a very efficient and proper manner, so that added the value to the customers decisions of purchasing iPad. When Apple introduced iPad, they intended to come across the consumers wants and demands which would satisfy to their lifestyles. Apple in future which demands more innovative products and the company still need to adapt to expected changes in iPad which they have already started in their new iPad 2. With their experience, they are able to continue strengthen its position in the industry.6. References1. Philip Kotler, Gary Armstrong. (2009). Principles of Marketing. (7th Edition). Australia. Pearson. 2. Kotler Brown Burton Deans Armstrong. (2010). Marketing (8th Edition). Australia. Pearson. 3. Borden, N. H. (1964). The concept of the Marketing Mix. Journal o f Advertising Research. Vol II 4. APDGT YAMAMOTO. Understanding Customer Value Concept Key To Success. pp. 547-552. 5. Chapelet, B. and Tovstiga, G. (1998), Development of a research methodology for accessing a firms business process-related technologies, International Journal of Technology Management, Vol. 15 Nos , pp. 10-30. 6. Apple Annual Reports, 20107. www.apple.com8. www.maxis.com.my

Ethics Handbook Essay Example for Free

Ethics Handbook EssayWe chose you as an employee of companion X because we cop you as a valuable person who can contribute to the equivalent priority. As a team member of Company X, be goals are clear. finished public respect, responsiveness, and accountability as our core grades, we are able to remain leaders in the industry. The success of our company is dependent on you, our stakeholders, and our customers. We take big pride in our reputation in the industry and continu in ally monitor ourselves for ways we can improve business for our clients, stakeholders, policy come uponrs, and the general public, both local and national. Our reliability is measured through our commitment to delivering service with integrity and through honorable conduct. Because we are at the forefront of public service, we are judged on our choices and decisions. Our reputation is base on the publics view of our commitment to honourable business practices and our respect for society. As an o rganization we aim to maintain active engagement in ethical behavior that promotes social responsibility in allday practices. This is where you come in as an employee.We encourage all employees to actively participate in companionship outreach and events that foster both your own growth and the growth of social values. Company X will reward this activity if accompanied with ethical decision do by increasing promotion opportunities and/or allowing this experience to be counted in your job description. If you are interested in this opportunity, see Human Resources for a tilt of approved community outreach opportunities. Company X Values It is the policy of Company X to embrace ethical behavior through clear communication of the laws, rules and expectations that are defined in this code of morality. In addition, Company X values accountability for good ethical choices and socially respected behavior. We rely on every member to evaluate their own behavior and conduct respectable bu siness through solid every day decision making. Ethics are not fixed, and subject to interpretation through each and every interaction between everyone involved. Because values and ethical decision making can be challenging, Company X wants to take or so of the pressure off the complexities of making difficult ethical decisions.Therefore, this manual provides directives used to evaluate and interpret best practices in the business environment. In addition, these policies and all regulations including administrative actions, apply to all rungmembers, contractors, and volunteers and are strictly enforced (see section Member Misconduct).The manual also contains fixed principles, mandatory gentility, resources for self-styled speckles, ethics mentor, anonymous hotline, and resources for situations that may be questionable. A signed repeat of this manual will be placed in all members personnel file and will be used as reference for future use. Please be sure you understand these po licies and procedures before you sign the document. We go about by outlining and defining the standards of social and ethical conduct. In addition to standards of behavior, training is outlined. Training is mandated to all staff employed by Company X. Additional training and resources are offered throughout the year in response to the ever-changing studys of the industry and social issues and will be announced semi- yearbookly.Principles of Behavior and Conduct No member, contractor or person acting as a symbolizeative shall Discriminate against clients, coworkers, stakeholders, Accept monetary compensation, services in trade or realise from any interaction directly or indirectly related to the services provided by company x if the value is determined to be at or above $30. Engage in, use or create an appearance of using official capacity to influence clients stakeholders, or other members for personal or master copy gain. Knowingly make statements or take action that is untr uthful or can be reasonably determined to be untruthful. Engage either directly or indirectly in political campaigns, nor engage in political conversation with anyone firearm acting in capacity of Company X business. vindicate against any member who comes forward with claims of ethical rapes.Retaliation is mandatory termination of employment without further warning (see section Member Misconduct). All members contractors, or persons acting as a representative shall Report all incidents of violations to the Ethics positioning. Interact and promote personal integrity, honesty, fairness and confidence in compliance with all laws, rules, policies and regulations both internally and externally. Maintain confidentiality in all interactions. Written, verbal, email, phone. Avoid inappropriate associations with clients or client representatives. Engage, actively encourage and oblige community involvement through support and reassurance in wrap-around service delivery. Utilize efficient use of resources in such a way that minimizes the impact to the environment (energy and materials). Report suspected, potential, or clear violation of ethical bumble.All members in the chain of command are held to the same standards. Contractors, and any individual acting in a capacity to officially represent Company X are also needed to carry out all actions with an intent to promote public trust, integrity, and confidence. From team members to corporate leaders, we expect the same fit out of principles through a set model of best practices. beat out practices is recognized by asking yourself is this decision going to cause harm to someone, is this situation going to violate law or company policy, is my action going to violate stakeholder values, or compromise my position within my job role? Best practices will help us all to remove some of the risks we might face in everyday decision making by communicating set values, social responsibility and ethical standards for all members . Because best practices is subjective, training and resources will be available to provide leadership and mentoring. We encourage open discussion when personal values and ethics might cause conflict or confusion. As a condition of continued employment, mandatory ethics training is provided and monitored (see monitoring ethics section below).Ethics Training Leadership teams attend annual ethics training. Training overwhelms skills to monitor and mentor lower staff. As a result, members can be confident that management is able to provide guidance and support for most ethical decisions. In order to communicate Company Xs policies, values, and changing trends in legal and social ethical issues formal training is required. Company X models this by providing training. As a result, all staff are required to complete the following formal training In the first month of employment, all staff will go through instructor led training targeted toward individual and group acknowledgement of lega l situations, ethical dilemmas, social responsibility and reporting requirements. This interactive training will present scenarios in which employees will make decisions whether ethical violations may or may not have occurred. Independent trainers with local management will evaluate answers and offer answers to difficult scenarios.All staff will take a yearly instructor led course on the history of civil rights and one follow up interactive on line course which presents current social, business and ethical issues in industry. General managers will receive value based ethics trainingtailored from annual risk assessment information. The goal is for managers to set modeled behavior and create positive influence. Company X sponsors an annual Industry Standards Town Hall meeting. We value transparency and company foreplay from all of us and our intentions are to provide all of us the opportunity to go over changing social issues, our earlier years successes and failures, and what can we do to support the values of Company X, our clients, and community partners. Our company will be closed on this day while each of us enjoy a paid day to come and participate in this interactive get together. Member Misconduct Company X recognizes ethical conduct is not always easy to define. We value fairness and strive to provide impartial judgment based on facts and data.All reports of violations are reviewed and judged by an independent review board who will at determination of reported violations, determine consequences and refer cases for criminal prosecution if necessary. Consequences for violation of ethical misconduct will be strictly enforced. Company X has zero tolerance for unethical behavior. Informal and formal offenses will be forwarded to the Ethics Committee for commemorate keeping purposes. Informal exponent for misconduct not related to any act of gross misconduct. This is the preferred method for first time offenses. Formal counsel is scripted report placed in member file for duration of one year. Two written reports within one year that are put to be validated through investigation will result either in unpaid suspension or immediate termination. Unpaid suspension. Gross scorn results in immediate termination and will be referred for criminal prosecution.Monitoring studying and Reporting Video monitoring in central locations where customer interactions will be supervised by an independent contractor. This is to protect you as an employee, protect customer interactions, and protect the interest of Company X. All computer and resource use by all employees is subject to monitoring and will be strictly enforced. IT managers have unlimited access to company owned property. Due to the potential time mad situations that may arise, no notice will be given prior to IT management accessing company computers. Team members personnel files will be maintained and include reported violations. These files will be analyzed for trends that can be tra ced back to departments, leaders, hiring practices, or substandard training. The Ethics Office, and Human Resources do not require your written consent forrelease of information related to ethical violations. Semi-annual audits will be conducted on all departments within Company X by the Ethics Audit committee Anonymous hotline reports will be compiled and reported to the Ethics Audit committee.Plan for Evaluating and Improving the Ethics Program After Implementation. The final results of all data compiled by the Ethics Office will be submitted to Corporate Leadership Committee who will analyze the results in order to evaluate potential changes to Company Xs ethical inventory. Data will also be collected from hotline calls, imposed ethical violations, and employee suggestions. This data will be measured against all complaints, judgments, and lawsuits both within Company X and the industry and be used to revise program standards. Data will also be analyzed and evaluated for ethical i ssues that need to be integrated in to future training and resources for staff.All staff will complete annual on line How Are We Doing? surveys. localize groups tailored to each departments group dynamic will analyze the data and make formal recommendations to the Ethics Office Staff, community and stakeholder input will be collected and analyzed for social and ethical value. The Ethics Office will compile the results from all departments and present the evidence to CEOs and senior management. midst management and supervisors will be included in the final findings. Training will be ad conscionableed and targeted to cultural, legal, and ethical risk factors. Positive yearly ethical performance evaluations, focus group opportunities, and promotional opportunities will be tied to annual employee review.Help and Resources here(predicate) at Company X we recognize that some ethical situations may be complex or blurred. Additionally, we recognize that the difficult decision to come forw ard with information against coworkers may prevent reporting incidents that need investigation. Furthermore, ethical decisions are often confusing and require complex decision making. We are here to help. Furthermore, if you have questions about your own decisions, questions about an incident, or just want to ask questions, we want to support you. For this reason, we provide an anonymous phone line that allows members to report violations, present questions and trouble shoot challenging scenarios. Ethics Office 360-555-1212 staffed by trained ethics officer. Anonymous hotline 360-555-4242 State Office of Ethics 1-999-555-2323 Federal Office of Ethics1-777-555-7878We provide annual reports of imposed ethics violations and the penalties imposed. Here is the link to www.companyx/ethics/reports.comI have read and understand the policies and ethical standards set for Company X. I am aware a signed copy of this policy will be placed in my team member personnel file.

Water Level Control System Of The Tank Engineering Essay

urine Level Control System Of The Tank Engineering EssayThe report provides an interim card of piss level fake carcass of a storage cooler. The step- study experimental results for both (old and new) tanks and the method of calculating the peeing f disordered rate into the tank has been discussed. In addition, the techniques to take to the woods out the tenderness horsepower, motor power and the pump efficiency had been covered in this report. Future work on the laboratory experiment on relative secure (P) and comparative plus total gain (PI) testing and its relevance to industrial parade and the approach to accomplish the set objectives of the project were discussed.CONTENT outline iCONTENT iiLIST OF FIGURES iiiLIST OF TABLES ivAIM 4OBJECTIVE 51.1 EXPERIMENT COMPONENTS 51.1.1 AMPLIFIER 51.1.2 detector 61.1.5 VANE PUMP 91.1.5.1 PUMP TEST 102. LITERATURE REVIEW 123. CONTROLLER 123.1 P ONLY 133.2 P+I CONTROLLER 143.3 PID CONTROLLER 154. METHODOLOGY 154.2 P ONLY EXPERIMEN T 164.3 P+I EXPERIMENT 175. endingS DISCUSSION ANALYSIS 185.1 SYSTEM TRANSFER FUNCTION 185.2 SYSTEM MODELLING 195.3 SYSTEM PERFERMANCE 195.4. RESULT DISCUSSION 20216. CONCLUSION 217. REFERENCES 228. APPENDIX 23LIST OF FIGURES graph 1 Outcome of Pump Testing Graph 11LIST OF TABLESNOMENCLATUREP ProportionalPI Proportional IntegralPD Positive displacementPID Proportional-Integral-DerivativePWM Pulse width changeoverQo OutputQi InputINTRODUCTIONIn years back level mark off has been a major issue in the industrial processes. The haughty of liquefiable level is essential in almost(prenominal) industrial processes such as food processing, nuclear power plants, irrigate purification arrangements, industrial chemical substance processing, boilers etc. Although, most industrial problems such as dogmatic the speed of motor, or changeable level in a tank, or temperature of the furnace are cod to the installation of verify process when the dominance concepts had non been p roperly understood (Dutton et al., 1997). However, the ingenuity of control engineer seat often overcome these challenges by producing a wellspring-behaved piece of equipment.Mostly, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are employ for liquid level control in most applications and can be applied to many industrial processes and machinelike musical arrangements. PID controllers proven to be a perfect controller for unproblematic and linear processes, and when it comes to controlling of non-linear and multi variable star processes, the controller parameters have to be continuously familiarized (Bhuvaneswari et al., 2008). In process control systems, nonlinearity is the rule rather than the exception. Most control loops such as pressure, temperature, composition, etc., are significantly nonlinear. This may be because of nonlinearity out-of-pocket to control valves, or on account of variations in process gain, time ceaseless, and dead time, as discussed in (McMil lan et al, 1994). Therefore, the study of control system has contributed to huge impact positively to our modern day development.A plant can be controlled manually or automatically and the control system consists of a plant with its actuators, sensors and a controller. manual(a) controlling process of a plant cannot be as accurately enough compared to automatic control. An automatic controller is made up of pull, electronic circuit, computer, or mechanical linkage etc. The interface between the plant and the controller requires actuators (control elements) to provide control action.In instrumentation, detectors and sensors (measurement elements) are subscribeed to provide information most the plant status to the controller (Golten and Verwer, 1991). However, the most important characteristic of a plant is its stability, which indicates that a system can be control smoothly without unwarranted oscillation or over rectification. The behaviour and performance of a control system d epends on the interaction of the entire element. The difference between the set- direct and the unfeigned value of the variable is called misconduct. Another important characteristic of a control system is how quickly it can respond to an error and correct it. The smaller the error, the better it would be for the control system.The basic types of process control are indeterminate loop and closed loop system.+ The open loop system has no feedback because it has no sensor to sensation the fluid level in the tank. While the closed loop system is characterised by a sensor and a feedback call for which carries information from the measurement device to the comparator. Typical actuators used in liquid level control systems include pumps, motorised valve, on-off valves, etc. In addition, level sensors such as displacement float, content probe, pressure sensor (Bateson, 1999), etc., provide liquid level measurement for the purpose of feedback control.In a closed loop feedback control system, the forward path conventionate prevail is G(s) representing the process or plant being controlled together with any controller dynamics. The feedback path transfer lam, H(s), represents the measurement system or transducer which provides the feedback signal (Golten and Verwer, 1991). The boilersuit transfer function relating the controlled variable Qo to the desired value or reference, Qi isQiQo omen 1 Closed loop block diagramHence, the unconscious process of deriving the equation above can be found in the appendix page.In addition, the prime objective of feedback control systems is to minimise the differences between the payoff and the reference foreplay since this represents the error. The control system should be quick as possible in reducing this error to zero (or to slightly reasonable low value) when there is either a disturbance or change in reference value (Golten and Verwer, 1991).Feedback has similar advantages when applied to automatic control system, it has the ability of controlling a system that deals with unexpected disturbances that might occur within the system and adapt to changes in the plant. Therefore, with the advancement of electronics and its applications, the understanding of close loop control system increased rapidly, since feedback amplifier is essential (Healey, 1975). A simple control system is used to maintain a constant water level in a tank, exemplification of such is toilet systems in various homes. The swinging arm attached to the input valve of the WC water tank allows water to flow into the tank until the float rises to a point that closes the valve. When the water level is low in the tank, the swinging arm moves downwards which allows more water to flow into the tank. This continues until the swinging arm returns to its initial nation. This is a simple and effective level control system for water tank.Another level of control system is a steam boiler where the level of the water in the boiler must be mai ntained between certain limits otherwise, it may lead to serious damage to the boiler and building as well as cause hazard to the building occupants (Miller et al, 2004). Water gages serves as a means of measurement level in the boiler. In an engineering context, the addition of control systems must be justified in terms of their profitability, or environment safety. A control system must be effective and efficient, and remain so throughout the life of the plant (Dutton et al., 1997). The performance of a system is often expressed in terms of their parameters such as speed of response, stability and steady-state error. A good speed of response may often be achieved at the expense of steady state error and stability (Premier, 2008)1. Stability is one of the most important characteristics in any system. For a system to be stable, the system components must be appropriately sized for the application and the system must be correctly adjusted (tuned).The objectives of this project is to investigate the control of water level in non-linear water tank which is fed by a centrifugal pump and discharges to a sump tank through a valve. The tank is a V shaped tank which has a straight wall. The system inflow would be adjusted on board with the control signal to the outlet valve and the outlet pump during the simulation.Furthermore, the project task includes designing a proportional (P) only and proportional + integral (PI) controller for a specific direct point and implementing it as an analogue s-domain system. The objectives would be accomplished by examining the dynamics of the water tank, modelling it from first principles and by applying step tests to identify the system model at various operating points. The diagram below shows the equipment used to carry out the experiment.Figure 2 Water tank level control systemFigure 4 Block diagram of V Shaped Tank systemAIMTo characterise a new V tankConduct identification and control experimentationComparing it with an exist ing replicate systemOBJECTIVERelating level control to industrial applications.Understanding the dynamics of water tank, modelling it from first principleApplication of step-test to identify the system model at various operating points.Designing a proportional + integral controller for specific operating point.1.1 EXPERIMENT COMPONENTSIn order to perform the laboratory experiment on process plant (V-tank), the experimental components used are amplifier, sensor transducer, water tank, valve, and pump which are discussed below.1.1.1 AMPLIFIERThe amplifier is a very important part of any control system. Basically, it is used to deliver an sidetrack signal which is larger, in a prescribed way, than the input signal. A good designed amplifier mostly requires that the input impedance should be large so that the rootage is not commited, and the output impedance should be small so that the power element can be easily determined (Anand Zmood, 1995)2. An amplifier could be referred to as the signal set aparter use in this experiment. An amIn momentum width modulation (PWM) the amplitude and repetition rate remain constant, and the width of the pulse is varied concord to the modulation signal amplitude (Parr, 1996)3Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) signals are increasely being used to drive continuous actuators such as d.c. motor, hydraulic servos and a.c. motor. If the switching frequency of the PWM amplifier is sufficiently high in relation to the actuator time constants, then the signals impart be average around the value (Olsson Piani, 1992)4. The motor is driven by a Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) power amplifier, which supplies power to the motor proportional to a voltage signal from the controller.Pulses are produces at firm intervals, the duration or width of the pulse being proportional to the size of the voltage at from each one of the times concerned (Bolton, 1991)5. The reason why pulse width modulation is used is that conventional power amplifiers would s imply burn at high power levels. The advantage of switching is that the solid-state devices are not continuously loaded with high power and therefore their power dissipation is low. This fact makes PWM amplifier very efficient. In PWM amplifier, the switching can be directly controlled from the digital output ports of a computer.1.1.2 SENSORIn virtually every engineering application, there is the need to measure some physical quantities, such as displacements, speeds, forces, pressures, temperatures, stresses, flows and so on. These measurements are performed using this physical device called sensors, which are capable of converting a physical quantity to a more readily manipulated electrical quantity (Onwubolu, 2005). A sensor could be referred to as transducer. Although, there are different kinds of liquid level transducers which are used in variety of control applications with different function such as float-type liquid level transducers, hydrostatic pressure liquid level trans ducers, capacitance probes, and so on. But with respect to this project, the pressure transducer leave alone be the point of focus. The pressure transducer is used to measure the height (or head) level in the tankFor a sensor to function effectively there is a need for signal conditioner and a display system. This signal conditional obtains signal from the sensor and manipulates it into a condition which are suitable either for display, or control system usefulness. Hence, a display system shows the output readings from the signal conditional (Bolton, 1999)6.Since the dynamic and static characteristics of the sensor or measuring element affect the indication of the actual value of the output variable, then the sensor plays an important role in determining the overall performance of the control system. The sensor usually determines the transfer function in the feedback path. If the time constants of a sensor are negligibly small compared with other time constants of the control syst em, the transfer function of the sensor simply becomes constant (Ogata, K., 1997).In selecting a good transducer with respect to its performance and system measurement, certain criteria had to be fulfilled. The accuracy of the transducer to which it has been calibrated, its response to error within the system, its stability i.e. the ability of the transducer to give the selfsame(prenominal) output reading when used to measure a constant input over a period of time, etc (Bolton, 2008)7.1.1.3 WATER armored combat vehicleWater tank is aThe tank characteristics are non linear depending on the operating point and are such that tank level surface is a function of the level.Figure 5 Tank fluid level systemThe objective of the controller in the level control process is to maintain a level set point at a given value and be able to accept new set point values dynamically and this level control system must be controlled by the proper controller. In considering the top share of the tank as s hown in fig. 5 above, the flow-rate can be calculated using Bernoullis equation. From Bernoullis law the flow through a valve q (m3s-1) is related to the pressure head across the valve h (m) by the following equation, in which g is the acceleration due to gravity, Cd is the coefficient of discharge (m2) (Dutton et al., 1997).Modelling the TankThe tank can be modelled from first principles with the provision of certain assumptions. For the sake of simplicity, it is possible to consider the top section of the tank with parallel sides and then extend this model to deal with the whole tank. The prismatic section of the tank can be considered to be a simple rectangular tank with an inflow Q and an outflow, QL as in Figure 2. By considering conservation of matter, we can say that the flow into the tank must be compeer to the flow out plus the flow converted into a change in level.but if then1.1.4 VALVEControl valves are commonly encountered elements in process plant and the equation that describes their flow behaviour are nonlinear. Other nonlinear effects may exist because of the valve characteristic and the equipment surrounding the value. Control valves are used to regulate the flow rate of fluid in a system. The control of flow rate can be achieved by varying the size of the passage through which the fluid flows (Stenerson, 2004)8. The control valve modulates the flow of a fluid by introducing a variable area aperture into the pipeline. The volumetric flow rate, Q, of a particular liquid through a valve is proportional to the pressure drop across it, P.Thus, let kv be the valve coefficient which is the function of the valve opening or lift, h. in order to repeal dimensionality, the lift, h is defined as a fractional lift, i.e. when h is 1 the control valve is to the full open, and when the h is 0 the value is shut.1.1.5 VANE PUMPIn selecting a pump for a specific task, there are certain factors that needs to be considered such as the height at which the pump will be moving the liquid to, the speed that is needed, and the pressure flow at the pumps outlet. A pump is a mechanical device that changes mechanical power into fluid power. Positive displacement (PD) pumps perform work by expanding and then compressing a cavity, space, or moveable boundary within the pump. In most cases, these pumps real captured the liquid and transport it through the pump to the discharge nozzle (Bachus Custodio, 2003)9. However, the flow through PD pump is mostly a function of the speed of the number one wood or motor. A D.C motor drives the pump at a constant speed in most cases so that the delivery would be constant, i.e. the flow Q is usually constant (Healey, 1975).The pressure or head that a PD pump can generate is mostly a function of the thickness of the casing and speciality of the associated accompanying parts (seals, hoses gaskets). In addition, a PD pump has been designed to have some strict tolerance parts. This strict tolerance controls t he flow, and pressure that these pumps can generate. The ability to pressurize the fluid to higher pressures will depend on the tolerance of the components within the pump. Hence, the closer the pumps tolerance, the higher the capabilities would be (Brumbach Clade, 2003).10Furthermore, there are tether types of positive displacement pumps in use nowadays which are vane pump, gear pump and the piston pump. These kinds of pump had different similarities depending on their performance but based on this task it would be concentrated on vane pump.Vane pump are used in hydraulic systems. When the rotor rotates the pumps vanes in a counter clockwise direction which caused the vanes to slide in and out of their slots within the pump housing, a large amount of fluid would be carried from the ingress to the outlet (Onwubolu, 2005)11. This results from the eccentricity of the centre of the rotor with respect to that of the housing.Figure 3 Vane Pump1.1.5.1 PUMP TESTIn order to examine the p umps accuracy, a test was carried out on the pump. The pump was used to move water from one container to the other within a time limit. Using the laboratory scale machine, the abandon container was mensurable to weighs 0.585Kg. However, the pump was tested at different voltage supplied to the pump from 1v 10v at every one minute and then measured the filled container to hold up the actual weight. The reading was measured in kilogram (kg) which was converted to litres per minute. The conversion was 1kg to 1litre at a constant time. The outcome of the pump testing experiment could be seen in the graph below.Graph 1 Outcome of Pump Testing GraphIn addition, the pump testing results obtained from the graph above shows that the pump was not functioning perfectly. The inaccuracy of the pumps efficiency is as a result of imbalance modified vanes inside the pump. The actual dimension of the vane inside the pump was 8mm inner diameter, 52mm outdoors diameter and 22mm thickness. The out d iameter of the vane was cut-down or modified to roughly about 40mm for the vane to rotate easily within the casing. Hence, the graphs shape should be linear and not the linear curve shape in graph 1. From this experiment, it was observed that at any increase in voltage supplied to the pump there will be large amount of pressure increase from the flow outlet and vice versa.PumpFigure 4 Modified Vane SizeFigure 5 Actual Vane Size2. LITERATURE REVIEWLiterature review3. CONTROLLERA controller is a device which monitors and influences the operational condition of a given dynamical system. In closed loop control system, a controller is used to compare the output of a system with the required condition and convert the error into a control action designed to reduce error. The error might be as a result of some changes in the conditions being controlled or because of changes in the set value. Most industrial controllers use electricity or pressurized fluid such as oil or air as power sources . Controllers may also be classified according to the kind of power employed in their operation, such as pneumatic controllers, hydraulic controllers, or electronic controllers. For this kind of controllers to be used for a particular task, it must be based on the nature of the plant and the operating conditions (Ogata, K., 1997)12.3.1 P ONLYWith proportional control the change in the controller output from the set point value is proportional to the error (Bolton, 1991)13. This means that the correction of the control element such as valve will receive signal which depends on the size of the correction required.Although, a system with a proportional control may have a steady state offset (or drop) in response to a constant reference input and may not be entirely capable of rejecting a constant disturbance (Mutambara, 1999). For higher order systems, large values of the proportional feedback gain will typically lead to instability. For most systems there is an upper limit on the prop ortional feedback gain in order to achieve a well damped stable response, and this limit may lifelessness have an unacceptable steady state error. Therefore, there is a limit on how much the errors can be reduced by using proportional feedback only. One of the ways to improve the steady state accuracy of the control system is to introduce integral control.Set pointError attend to variableAmplifierActuator signalPlant3.2 P+I CONTROLLERThe primary reason for integral control is to reduce or eliminate constant steady state errors within the plant or system. Several limitations of proportional control are resolved by integral control. The steady state response to this class of load disturbance is completely eliminated. Thus, as long as the system remains stable, the system output equals the desired output regardless of the value of KP and its dynamic response (Mutambara, 1999)14. If the designer wishes to increase the dynamic speed of response with large integral gain, then the respons e of the system becomes very periodical. Hence, in order to avoid this oscillatory behaviour of the system then both proportional and integral control should be used at the same time.Set pointErrorProcess variableAmplifierActuator signal3.3 PID CONTROLLERMost industrial processes are controlled using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers. The popularity of PID controllers can be attributed to their good performance in commodious range of operating conditions and partly to their functional simplicity, which make it easy to operate (Dorf and Bishop, 2005)15. PID controllers are so effective that its controlling ability are standard in processing industries such as petroleum, refining, etc.In order to design a particular control loop system, the constants value of KP, KI and KD had to be adjusted to an acceptable performance.Increasing KP and KI tends to reduce system errors but may not be capable of also producing adequate stability, while increasing KD tends to improve stability. The combination of the three control components in this system yields complete control over the system dynamics. The proportional-integral- pedigree (PID) controller provides both an acceptable degree of error reduction and an acceptable stability and damping.4. METHODOLOGY4.1 STEP-TEST EXPERIMENTThe first part of the laboratory experiment involves determining the theoretical model at various level (h) of the water tank which include the prismatic bottom of the tank, the V shaped section and the top parallel sides of the tank. The water level in the tank was measured by a pressure sensor which was calibrated in the instrumentation laboratory prior to the experiment which showed that the pressure transducer produced a voltage signal proportional to the head.To start this experiment, the centrifugal pump was switched on and the lab View step input programme was opened. The centrifugal pump was used to fill the water tank from a rectangular sump tank and also ensuring that there was enough water in the sump tank to perform the experiment. Although, the control valve was ensured to be fully open so that there would be continuous flow of water from the sump tank into the main tank as a result of constant becomening of the pump.After warming up the pump for some time, the pump bias was then set on the Lab View program to 1.3 volts (constantly) were the water is just about to start dropping into the tank. Using one second sampling time, the step volt was increased repeatedly by an additional 0.1 volts each time the head (h) settles from 0v 0.1v, 0.1v 0.2v, and so on. As a result of increases in voltage, the water level would be increased as well in the tank. one time the water level reached the top of the tank, in order to prevent the water from overflowing the step volt was reduced back to zero volt (0v) which allows the water to be empty back into the sump tank from the main tank and data or result was collected from the PC.4.2 P ONLY EXPERIMENTIn order to perform the P only experiment, the proportional gain has to be calculated to get the accurate value that would be input into the system. The proportional gain value can then be input into the LabVIEW package to run the experiment. The set point can be changed form one point to another(prenominal) to see how the plant would responds to the sudden changes to increase in set pointThe second part of the experiment entailed the design of the P only controller and P + I controller.As regards to the P only controller, once the values of the steady state gain and time constant were found from the initial step input experiment, the next step was to design a P only controller which will give closed loop dynamics 1/3 that of the open loop plant, which was then used to calculate the values of Kp at known head (h). Having calculated the Kp values, the pump was then switched on and allowed to warm up, also the Lab View P only controller programme was initiated. With the pump warmed up th e Kp value was then entered into the P only controller programme alongside the same value for the pump bias and the stress time used in the previous experiment, i.e. 1.28 volts and 1 seconds respectively. The P only controller programme was allowed to run and the results for the sensor output (volts), the error (e) and the control effort were recorded and retrieved.4.3 P+I EXPERIMENTFinally to control the level of water in the tank and eliminate the steady state error the Proportional Integral Controller experiment was initiated, the hf (design level to which the tank is to be controlled) was defined and further derivation resulted in two unknowns, Kp and TI. The values for Kp and TI were then calculated for, then input into the Proportional Integral Controller program and allowed to run with a sample time of 1 seconds. The results for the sensor output (volts), the error (e) and the controller output were recorded and retrieved.5. RESULTS DISCUSSION ANALYSIS5.1 SYSTEM TRANSFER FU NCTIONAMPLIFIERWATER TANKSENSORCONTROL VALVEPUMPPROPORTIONAL ONLYPROPORTIONAL PLUS INTEGRAL5.2 SYSTEM MODELLING5.3 SYSTEM PERFERMANCE5.4. RESULT DISCUSSIONGraph 1 Step-test experiment of voltage against time.Graph 2 Step-test experiment of voltage against time6. CONCLUSIONFUTURE WORKFilter design discussion noise reducing agent7. REFERENCESBateson, R.N., 1999. Introduction to control system engine room. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, London Prentice-Hall.Bhuvaneswari, N.S. Uma, G. and Rangaswamy. T.R., 2008. Adaptive and optimal control of a non-linear process using intelligent controllers. apply Soft Computing e-journal (9) pp.182-190. Available through Science Direct database Accessed 26 November 2010.Dutton, K. Thompson, S. and Barraclough, B., 1997. The art of control engineering. Harlow Reading, Mass. Addison Wesley.Girdhar, P. and Moniz, O., 2005. Practical centrifugal pumps design, operation and maintenance. Oxford Newnes.Golten, J. and Verwer, A., 1991. Control system design and simulation. London McGraw-Hill.Healey, M., 1975. Principles of automatic control. 3rd ed. London English Universities Press.Miller, R. Miller, M.R. and Oravetz, J., 2004. Audel Questions and Answers for Plumbers Examinations. USA Wiley Publishing.Shinners, S. M., 1998. Modern control system theory and design, 2nd ed. Canada John Wiley Sons, Inc.Wahren, U., 1997. Practical introduction to pumping technology a basic guide to pumps. Houston Gulf Pub. Co.

Independence Day Celebrations in India

Independence Day Celebrations in IndiaIndependence Day is far-famed on August 15 to commemorate its independence from the British rule and its birth as a sovereign nation on that day in 1947. The day is a national holiday in India. It is celebrated every over the kingdom through flag-hoisting ceremony and distribution of sweets. The main celebration takes place in New Delhi, where the prize Minister hoists the National let up at the Red Fort and delivers a nationally televised speech from its ramparts. In his speech, he highlights the achievements of his government during the past year, raises important issues and gives a call for further development. The Prime Minister also pays his tribute to leaders of the freedom struggle.On 3 June 1947, Viscount maestro Louis Mountbatten, the last British Governor-General of India, announced the partitioning of the British Indian imperium into India and Pakistan, under the provisions of the Indian Independence Act 1947. At the stroke of m idnight, on 15 August 1947, India became an independent nation. This was preceded by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehrus famous speech call Tryst with destiny.At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step proscribed from the overaged to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance.. We end today a period of ill fortune, and India discovers herself again.Prime Minister Nehru and Deputy Prime Minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel invited Lord Mountbatten to continue as Governor General of India. He was replaced in June 1948 by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari. Patel took on the responsibility of unifying 565 princely states, steering efforts by his iron fist in a velvet glove policies, exemplified by the use of military force to integrate Junagadh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Hyderabad state into India. JK became a part of India when Pakistan laid siege and the wherefore king Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession with India to save JK from Pakistan. India responded on behalf of JK by sending in its armed forces to counteract the Pakistani attack. Later PM Nehru went to UN and a cease fire was declared. Pakistan has not withdrawn its military forces from the occupied Kashmir, and the territory termed as POK (Pakistan Occupied Kashmir) has ever since been a cause of contention mingled with India and Pakistan.The Constituent Assembly completed the work of drafting the constitution on 26 November 1949 on 26 January 1950 the Republic of India was officially proclaimed. The Constituent Assembly elected Dr. Rajendra Prasad as the first President of India, taking over from Governor General Rajgopalachari. Subsequently, a free and sovereign India absorbed two other territories Goa (liberated from Portuguese lock in 1961) and Pondicherry (which the French ceded in 1954). In 1952, India held its first general electi ons, with a voter turnout exceeding 62% in practice, this made India the worlds largest democratic country in the history of the modern and ancient world.CelebrationsPrime Minister of India hoists the Indian flag on the ramparts of the this historial site, Red Fort, Delhi, On August 15th.15th August is a National holiday of India. In the capital New Delhi most of the Government Offices are lit up. Flag hoisting ceremonies and cultural programs take place in all the state capitals. In the cities around the country the Flag Hoisting Ceremony is done by politicians belonging to that constituency. In various private organisations the Flag Hoisting Ceremony is carried out by a Senior officer of that organisation. Schools and colleges around the country organise flag hoisting ceremony and various cultural activities within their respective premises. Families and friends get in concert for lunch or dinner, or for an outing. Housing colonies, cultural centres, clubs and societies hold enter tainment programmes and competitions, usually based on the freedom theme.Kite FlyingThroughout varyng regions of India, on that point is a popular tradition of flying increases on the Independence Day. The sky is dotted with hundreds of colourful kites and people engage in kite-flying competitions. Children and adults alike, try to cut the others kite threads and make others kites fall to the ground while their own stays in the air. Balconies and roof-tops of houses are full of people flying kites and one can observe cheerful shouts of children in the evening as the kites soar in the sky.

The Early Years Of Key Stage One

The archean eld Of Key Stage OneThis report concentrate ones on the dogmas underpinning primaeval Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) and Key Stage 1 (KS1), and how this influences practice when backing children in the transition from EYFS to KS1. This report will also include the similarities and the differences in the midst of the EYFS and KS1. The principal(prenominal) use up of this report is to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of theory underpinning the victimisation of blusher horizontal surface 1.The Early Years Foundation Stage is non a curriculum it is a framework. Sited in (DCSF 2008a, p.9) The EYFS document sets the standards for children from birth to 5 by meeting the diverse guides of each individual child this principle lies in the heart of the EYFS. All practitioners should deliver personalisedised tuition, care and development to encourage and help children receive the outperform possible start in life. The overarching aim of the EYFS is to help chi ldren achieve the five Every Child Matters exposecomes which areStaying safeBeing healthyEnjoying and achievingMaking a positive contributionAchieving economic social welfare(DCSF 2008 a)However the matter curriculum sets out the stages and core subjects children will be capable to be taught during their time at school. The national Curriculum also sets out the knowledge and skills that are important for children to become successful and confident learners.The curriculum also sets out the achievement targets in each subject, teachers can use these to time each childs progress and plan the next steps in their cultivation. Schools are free to plan and organise teaching and learning in the way that best meets the needs of their pupils. The new curriculum identifies the impact of play-based and activity learning in engaging children and helping them achieve a wide range of outcomes and make the best possible improvement. (National Curriculum online)However the EYFS framework provi des assurance, it also states that every child deserves the best start in life. The Early Years Foundation Stage sets standards for the development, learning and care of children from birth.The new of import(a) curriculum expands on the principles of the EYFS and encourages play-based learning. In the first stage the content of the curriculum is generic to the area of learning. Rose, J. (2009)The principles which guide the work for exclusively azoic years practitioners are grouped in to four themes.The first theme is A Unique Child every child is an experienced learner from birth who can be flexible, confident and self confident most him or herself.The second theme is Positive Relationship children learn to be sinewy and independent from a base of loving and secure relationships with parents, families and carers.The third theme is Enabling Environment The environment plays a pigment role in supporting and extending childrens development and learning,The fourth theme is acqu irement and Development children develop and learn in diametrical ways and at different rates and all areas of Learning and Development are equally important and inter-connected.The Four guiding themes work together to underpin effective practice in the delivery of the Early Years Foundation Stage. They put legal requirements in to context and describe how practitioners should support the development, learning and care for each individual child.(DCSF 2008a, p.9)Transition should be seen as a process not an event, transition is something that is continuous, and should be planned for and discussed with children and their parents. Settings should communicate information which will secure continuity of experience for the child amongst settings. Schools should use the summational assessment of each child recorded in the EYFS profile to support planning for learning in year 1. However teachers should also be long-familiar with the EYFS and the EYFS teachers should be familiar with the KS 1 Curriculum.(DCSF 2008b, p.10)Moving into years 1 can be a shock to some children after the play freedom they had in nursery and reception, five year olds can often be turned off education by suddenly being made to sit solace and listen to their teachers.Sited in Moyles, J (2007 p. 16) Wood and Bennett (2001) say that the effect on children of the transitions they make in early childhood has become a major focus on the national and international research. (Margetts 2002, Dockett and Perry 2004a-2005). As many practitioners are aware that the big transition may be the move from a foundation stage setting in to a blusher stage 1. The recent focus is on continuity and progression that can be offered to children at this point.Rose, J (2009) stated thatTransition from EYFS to primary school can be difficult for some childrenThis can be difficult for children because the children are to a greater extent familiar to the play-based learning, and when moving to severalize stage 1 th e children will experience a difference as they will be expected to sit on a chair at a table and be told what to do. However the creative curriculum is also being introduced, the main aims of the creative curriculum are to encourage and develop a more creative curriculum in foundation subjects in Key Stage 1. The creative curriculum is also introduced to create a more personalised, incorporating key life skills that could transfer into lifelong learning skills and increase the use of the local area and increase out of classroom learning experiences.Feedback from parents, teachers and pupils suggested that the curriculum had become more creative and exciting. Pupils were taking part more and getting involved in their learning and took ownership. This also improved parental involvement in their childrens learning and development. The staff, parents and pupils commented on some changes they noticed occurring from the new topic approach. They reported that the children were more excite d more or less their learning, the children were also talking about their learning more at bag with parents and families. The children also started to bring resources from home for the new topic to support and expand their learning. (Creative curriculum 2008 online)The Independent Review of the uncreated Curriculum includes a survey by Ofsted in 2007 which proclaimed that a very less amount of schools had successfully linked the areas of learning and development in the EYFS with the related subjects of the National Curriculum in Key Stage 1. Because there was lack of fetch links between the Early Years Foundation Stage and Key Stage 1, this meant that 8 in 10 schools in the survey introduced the subjects of the National Curriculum at the start of the autumn term. However, Two in three of the schools taught a literacy hour or day-by-day numeracy lesson at bottom a few weeks of the start of the school year.In Rose, J (2009) Ofsted also noticed that over half of Year 1 teachers h ad used the Early Years Foundation Stage profile but few had found it mostly helpful. The EYFS profile confused many teachers by including assessments beyond the level of the early learning goals, but not linked openly to the level descriptors in the National Curriculum. However given the amount of time spent in complete the EYFS profile and its potential value as a personal record of each childs previous experiences and achievements it is important for schools to make better use of it.However The Cambridge indigenous Review is an independent enquiry into the condition and future of primary education in England. It is based at the University of Cambridge, Alexander, R (2009).The Review proposes a debate on if the age at which children have to start school should be raised to six in line with many other countries. Logically the ages and stages of schooling should be brought in to line, so the statutory start age would become six, the point at which children move from the foundatio n stage and enter the key stage 1.The main concern is not when children start school but what they do when they get there. With sufficient resources, there is no reason why ripe(p) feeling play-based learning up to age six cannot be provided in primary schools. However this is maybe a risky change because some fear that children with most to bring from early education will miss out by means of being kept at home until they are six.This would confirm that England has finally accepted the need to protect and preserve the distinctive nature of early childhood. Easing the way for the youngest four-year-olds to start school, however the Rose report which has recently been proposed, sends a different view.Rose, J (2009) saysI hope the review will help our primary schools to build on their success so that all our children benefit from a curriculum which is challenging, fires their enthusiasm, enriches and unceasingly enlarges their knowledge, skills and understanding and, above all, i nstils in them a lifelong love of learning.The curriculum that primary children are offered must(prenominal) enable them to enjoy this unique stage of childhood, glorify learning and develop the essential knowledge, skills and understanding which are the building blocks for secondary education and afterwards life.Primary children must not only learn what to study, they must also learn how to study, so the children can become confident, self-disciplined individuals capable of engaging in a lifelong process of learning. High-quality teaching in the primary years, as elsewhere, is indispensable to childrens success. McKinsey 2007 reports said that the quality of an education system cannot exceed the quality of its teachers. This is echoed by the Cambridge Primary Review, which states thatA curriculum is only as good as those who teach it. Rose, J. (2009)However (BBC news 2008 online) statesDo children start school at too young an age in England?English pupils are starting very earl y in the classroom, Compared to other western European countries, as compulsory education begins in England at the age of five with children starting at four years old. However in countries such as Sweden, Denmark, school does not begin until the age of seven.This general question has been raised by the Cambridge-based Primary Review which is investigating how the primary education is organised. And its conclusion challenges the idea that an early start has long-term advantages for children.The assumption that an early starting age is beneficial for childrens later attainment is not well supported in the research and therefore remains open to question, says the report.However the Primary Review, taking an overview of the evidence, suggests that there is no clear link between quantity and quality in education. In England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland, and the Netherlands, children start school at the age of five years old. However in Austria, Belgium, and Denmark the children st art at the age of 6-7, and in, Poland, Spain, and Sweden children start at the age of 6-7.The Effective Provision of Pre-school fostering (EPPE) project investigated the effects of preschool education and care on childrens development for children aged 3-7 years old.This study has established the positive effects of high quality pre-school provision on childrens intellectual and social behavioural development up to the end of Key Stage 1 in primary school. Pre-school has a positive impact on childrens progress over and above important family influences. The quality of the pre-school setting experience as well as the quantity are both important.The Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE) project explores the impact of preschool provision on young childrens cognitive progress and their social/behavioural development. The research seeks to establish whether different types of pre-school settings differ in their impact and effectiveness. It also seeks to identify any differe nces between individual pre-school centres in their impact upon childrens cognitive progress and social, behavioural development. EPPE (2004)However Brown, J. Said that the Effective Provision of Preschool Education (EPPE) is the first major study within the UK to focus on specifically the effectiveness of early years education, monitoring the development of children from a wide range of backgrounds and cultures as they progress from the start of preschool up to key stage 2. Brown, J. (2009, p.26)I n the national curriculum education influences and reflects the determine of society. Therefore it is important, to recognise a broad set of common values and purposes that underpin the school curriculum.Education is also a route to equality of opportunity for all, a healthy and just democracy, a productive scrimping, and sustainable development. Education should reflect the permanent values that contribute to these ends. These include valuing ourselves, families and other relationships , and the wider groups, to which we belong, the diversity in our society and the environment.At the same time, education must enable us to respond positively to the opportunities of the rapidly changing world and work. We also need to be prepared to engage and connect as individuals, parents, workers and citizens with economic, including the continued globalisation of the economy and society, with new work and leisure patterns and with the rapid development of communication technologies. National curriculum (online)The National Curriculum applies to pupils of compulsory school age in confederacy and foundation schools, including community special schools and foundation special schools, and voluntary aided schools.Getting children to sit down on a seat in key stage 1 is not a problem. But what we need to ensure is that these children are interested and excited about their learning, the children need to feel involved in what is taking place and have a level of expectation about what will happen next.A creative curriculum is not simply about making links between subjects, it is about finding ways to inspire the children by drawing in skills from art, music, technology, dance and drama. Creativity is about inspiring children with the establishment of memorable learning experiences. Creativity can be a platform for establishment of personalized learning, enabling children to think out of the box for themselves. (Teaching expertise online)This shows that the creative curriculum has been introduced so children are not sitting on chairs and doing what they are being told by the teacher, it has been introduced so children can enjoy learning through different experiences, and be more creative about their learning. However in nursery everything is more play-based, and key stage 1 is more focused on lessons like phonics, numeracy and literacy, this is why the creative curriculum has been launched so children are more motivated and interested in learning, and remembered what they had learned, due to this the children would want to learn for themselves they would be able to expand on the thinking and learn how to be in control.Within the EYFS it is also stated that the key person also play a vital role in a childs learning and development. Children can form an attachment in the setting with the key person, the benefits of this could be the child settling in different surrounding really quickly, and that the key person could assess and plan for the child individual needs. Sited in Elfer, P et al. (2003 p. 18) it was stated that the key persons role is vital for children and their parents. The key person makes sure that each individual child within the nursery feels welcome, safe and secure. They also make the child feel that they are taught about by someone in particular while they are away from home. However the key persons approach makes sure that parents are able to build a personal relationship with someone in particular rather than all the staf f within the setting. The benefits of a key person are they give parents a two-eyed violet of mind, it also gives the parents a chance to liaise and interact with somebody whom is fully committed and familiar with their child, and is able to provide the parents with up to date information about their childs learning and development. The Key Elements of Effective Practice (KEEP) emphasise that effective learning is dependent on secure relationships, an appropriate learning environment and high-quality teaching. Brown, J. (2009, p.26)The four main purposes of the National Curriculum areTo establish an entitlementTo establish standardsTo promote continuity and coherenceTo promote public understandingThose awarded Early Years Professional positioning must demonstrate through their practice that a secure knowledge and understanding of the following underpins their own practice and informs their leadership of others.The EYP Standards set out the national expectations for anyone wishing to gain EYPS and work as an Early Years Professional. They are outcome statements that set out what Early Years Professionals need to know, understand and be able to do. They cover working safely with babies and children from birth to the end of the new EYFS. Achievement of the Standards will enable members of the workforce to move across the range of early years provision, which will encourage and support learning and development.(EYP 2006 online)Reference PageRose, J. (2009) Independent Review of the Primary Curriculum Final Report. Nottingham DCSF PublicationsMoyles, J. (2007) Early Years Foundations. maidenhead Open University PressSylva, K., Melhuish, E., Sammons, P., Blatchford, I, S. and Taggart, B. (2004) The Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE) project Final report DFESBertram, T., Pascal, C. (2002) Early years education An International Perspective. Birmingham QCABrown, J. (2009) Spring. Department for children, Schools and families. P26-28Elfer, P., Goldschi mied, E., Selleck, D. (2003) Key persons in the nursery. London David Fulton PublishersBBC News (2008) is five too soon to start school? News Channel EducationAvailable http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/7234578.stmHaywood, J (2006) Early Years Professional Standards. Available http//www.testsite.lancsngfl.ac.uk/curriculum/early_years/getfile.php?src=100/Draft_EYP_Standards_Aug_2006.pdfs=B121cf29d70ec8a3d54a33343010cc2Department for Children, Schools and Families (2008a) Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage. Nottingham DCSF PublicationsDepartment for Children, Schools and Families (2008b) Practice focal point For the Early Years Foundation Stage. Nottingham DCSF Publications

How Alcohol May Affect Human Behaviour :: essays research papers fc

How Alcohol May Affect Hu reality Behaviour4. A young man started behaving in an belligerent and abusive manner after hehad a number of alky drinks at a party. The next day he was behaving kind ofnormally and was preferably concerned when shown a video of his behaviour theprevious night. Explain how alcohol may affect human behaviour.Some Facts(1)Australian industry loses more than angiotensin-converting enzyme billion dollars a year because ofsickness caused by alcohol.Alcohol plays a part in more than 50% of serious crimes in Australia. In ruddy crimes it plays an even bigger part more than 75% of them are linked toalcohol.About half of the people killed in road accidents are killed becausesome form has inebriate to overmuch.Effects of alcohol on human behaviourFrom the above facts it is clear that alcohol has a major impact on the lives ofAustralians. This is particularly more so because it is not illegal and becauseit is so widely used.The effects of alcohol on a individual s carcass vary according to (2)with the amount consumed.the way the alcohol is taken.the individuals body (size weight, health).the individuals experience.the individuals mood.the circumstance in which alcohol is consumed (with food, in a socialgathering, with other drugs etc.)The immediate effects of alcohol on an individual varies but can levy a widerange of effects including (2)Loss of inhibitions.Flushing and dizziness.General impairment of brain and nervous system functions.General loss of co-ordination.Impairment of motor (movement) skills.Staggering. belatedly reactions.Blurred vision and slurred speech.Aggression.General impairment of senses (e.g. touch, sight, speech, etc.)Vomiting.Unconsciousness.Children and young people are usually more affected by alcohol than adults. Thisis because of their lower body weight and lack of tolerance.The disturbing aspect is that one is not generally aware of these changes.Instead, the individual thinks he/she is behaving more efficientl y than normal.In fact, performance is much poorer.In relation to Topic (4) the change in behaviour in the young man at the partyfollowing a number of alcoholic drinks can now be explained. As shown aboveyoung people are generally more affected by alcohol than adults. The loss ofinhibitions and in-your-face behaviour can by typical changes after alcoholconsumption.It is not surprising that when shown a video of his behaviour the previous nightthat he was quite concerned about his aggressive behaviour. Again as mentionedpreviously one of the effects of alcohol is that one is unaware of the changestaking place.As the young man was behaving normally the following day he did not have ahangover. A hangover is a bodys reaction to being poisoned by alcohol and